Metabolic engineering for microbial production of sugar acids

Avci, Fatma Gizem; Prasun, Tim; Wendisch, Volker F.

doi:10.1186/s12896-025-00973-7

BMC Biotechnology

Table 1 Production of C5 and C6 sugar acids in engineered microorganisms by fermentation and whole cell transformation (WCT). Yields are given for the respective substrates both in one carbon source growth-coupled fermentation and for growth-decoupled fermentations with carbon source mixtures

From: Metabolic engineering for microbial production of sugar acids

Production of C5 Sugar Acids
D-xylonic acid
Host	Precursor uptake, catabolism, and availability	Biosynthesis	Product export and catabolism	Substrate	Conditions (Working volume-t₀/Time/Mode)	Rounded titer (g/L)	Rounded yield (g/g)	Ref.
E. coli W3110	xylAB	xdh_Cc	yagF, yjhG	D-xylose, D-glucose	3 L/36 h/Batch	39	1 (X)	[117]
E. coli W3110	xylA, ldhA, ackA, poxB, adhE, ptsG, lacZ	xdh_Cc, xylC_Cc	yagF, yjhG	D-xylose, D-glucose	4 L/60 h/Fed-batch	108	1.1 (X)	[120]
				Corn cob hydrolysate (D-xylose, D-glucose, L-arabinose)	4 L/60 h/Fed-batch	91	1.1 (X)	[120]
E. coli BL21(DE3)	xylAB, cleavable ptsI	xdh_Cc, xylC_Cc		D-xylose, D-glucose	2 L/28 h/Fed-batch	199		[121]
C. glutamicum	iolR			D-xylose, D-glucose	1.2 L/27 h/Fed-batch	36	1.1 (X)	[124]
C. glutamicum gX	xylA_Xc, xylB_Cg	xdh_Cc		D-xylose	0.01 L/144 h/Batch	34	0.8	[126]
C. glutamicum ATCC 31831		xdh_Cc		D-xylose from sawdust hydrolysate	1.5 L/168 h/Batch	49	0.9	[127]
S. cerevisiae B67002	gre3	xdh_Cc		D-xylose, D-glucose, ethanol	0.5 L/120 h/Fed-batch	43	0.9 (X)	[130]
*L-arabinonic acid*
S. cerevisiae CEN.PK 113–17A	Gal2	aradh		L-arabinose, D-glucose	0.5 L/118 h/Fed-batch	18	0.9 (A)	[131]
E. coli MG1655(DE3)	araA	aradh		L-arabinose, D-glucose	2 L/36 h/Batch	44	1.1 (A)	[132]
Production of C6 Sugar Acids
*D/L-galactonic acid*
E. coli BW25113	galK	gld_Ps	dgoK	D-galactose, D-glucose	2 L/72 h/Batch	18	0.9 (Gal)	[133]
E. coli BW25113	galK	Aradh	dgoK	D-galactose, D-glucose	2 L/72 h/Batch	24		[132]
T. reesei			lgd1	D-galacturonic acid, D-xylose	0.5 L/100 h/Batch	7	0.9 (GalA)	[134]
A. niger ATCC 1015	pyrG		gaaB	D-galacturonic acid, D-xylose	0.5 L/171 h/ Fed-batch	5	0.9 (GalA)	[134]
*meso-galactaric acid*
E. coli BL21 (DE3)	uxaC	udh_At	garD	Sugar beet (D-galacturonic acid, L-arabinose, D-glucose)	0.05 L/48 h/WCT	10	1 (GalA)	[8]
T. reesei	gar1	udh_At		D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose	0.05 L/211 h/Batch	4	1.1 (GalA)	[139]
A. niger ATCC 1015 (CBS 113.46)	gaaA	udh_At		D-galacturonic acid, D-glucose	0.05 L/96 h/Batch	1	0.2 (GalA)	[139]
A. niger ATCC 1015	gaaA, gaaC, gaaX	udh_At	39,114	Pectin	0.004 L/120 h/Batch	12		[144]
*D-gluconic acid*
K. pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 (TUAC01)			gad	D-glucose	3 L/100 h/Fed-batch	422	1	[145]
Aureobasidium sp. P6		GOD1		D-glucose	7 L/108 h/Batch	187	1.2	[146]
E. coli Waksman		pqqABCDEF		Sucrose hydrolysate (D-glucose, D-fructose)	4 L/34 h/Batch	94	1.0 (G)	[147]
*D-glucuronic acid*
E. coli BW25113		MIOX_Tt	uxaC	myo-Inositol	12 h/WCT	106	1	[151]
*D-glucaric acid*
E. coli BL21 Star (DE3)		INO1, MIOX_Mm, udh		D-glucose	0.05 L/72 h/Batch	1	0.1	[152]
E. coli BL21 Star (DE3)		INO1, MIOX_Mm, udh (Scaffolding)		D-glucose	0.05 L/48 h/Batch	3	0.3	[153]
E. coli MG1655(DE3)	uxaC	SUMO-MIOX_Mm, udh	gudD	myo-Inositol	0.05 L/72 h/Batch	5	0.5	[154]
E. coli BL21(DE3)	zwf, pgi, uxaC	INO1, suhB, MIOX_At, udh, nox	gudD	D-glucose, D-glycerol	0.1 L/72 h/Batch	5	0.5 (G)	[159]
B. subtilis	pdhR, uxaC, yrbE, iolG, alsSD	INO1, MIOX_Mm, udh	gudD	D-glucose	0.025 L/Batch	1		[160]
E. coli MG1655(DE3)	endA, zwf, pfkB, uxaC	INO1, MIOX_Mm, udh	gudD	D-glucose	0.06 L/72 h/Batch	1	0.1	[162]
E. coli BL21(DE3)	cscB, cscA, cscK, zwf, pgi, glk, ptsG, uxaC	INO1, suhB, MIOX, udh	gudD	Sucrose	84 h/Batch	1.4	0.14	[164]
S. cerevisiae BY4471	ZWF1, opi1, ITR1	INM1, MIOX_At, udh		D-glucose, myo-inositol	2.5 L/168 h/Fed-batch	16	0.2(G) 1.2(MI)	[166]
P. pastoris GS115		MIOX_Mm, udh_Pp		D-glucose, myo-inositol	1 L/96 h/Fed-batch	7		[169]
S. cerevisiae BY4741	opi1, ZWF1, Itr1	MIOX4_At, udh		D-glucose, myo-inositol	3 L/264 h/Fed-batch	11		[171]
A. niger ATCC1015	oahA, cexA, zwf, pfkA, ScJEN1	udh_Pp, MIOXA_An, INOA_An, nox_Ll		D-glucose, myo-inositol	0.05 L/120 h	0.3		[172]
S. cerevisiae INVSc1	opi1	MIOX4_At, udh		D-glucose, myo-inositol	0.05 L/168 h/Fed-batch	10		[173]
				Avicel	0.05 L/168 h/Batch (CBP by T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae)	0.5	0.04	[173]
				SECS	0.05 L/168 h/Batch (CBP by T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae)	0.5	0.03	[173]
S. cerevisiae BY4741	opi1, ras2	MIOX, udh, lag1		D-glucose, myo-inositol	3 L/168 h/Fed-batch	10	0.2 (G)	[177]

Back to article page

ISSN: 1472-6750

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com