Fig. 4

Thermal and pH stability test of phage and phage encapsulated CS-NPs. (A) Thermal tolerance, and (B) pH stability of free phage and phage encapsulated CS-NPs , respectively Thermal tolerance was performed at different temperatures (25, 50, 60,70 and 80) for an hour and titer of surviving bacteriophages was calculated. pH tolerance was performed for 60 min at different pH (5–12) values at 4 °C. Data showed the log of the phage forming unit. Data shown are the mean of three replicates and error bars show the deviation in the values